https://wangzhefeng.com/tool/linux/ Recent content in Linux Tools on wangzf Hugo zh-cn Sat, 07 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 https://wangzhefeng.com/tool/linux/shell/ Sat, 07 May 2022 00:00:00 +0000 https://wangzhefeng.com/tool/linux/shell/ <style> details { border: 1px solid #aaa; border-radius: 4px; padding: .5em .5em 0; } summary { font-weight: bold; margin: -.5em -.5em 0; padding: .5em; } details[open] { padding: .5em; } details[open] summary { border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom: .5em; } img { pointer-events: none; } </style> <details><summary>目录</summary><p> <ul> <li><a href="#shell-%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B">Shell 简介</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">搭建运行环境</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BAbash%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83">搭建Bash运行环境</a></li> <li><a href="#%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8Cshell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC">运行Shell脚本</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#shell-%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95">Shell 基本语法</a> <ul> <li><a href="#shell-%E7%9A%84-helloworld-%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F">Shell 的 Hello，World 程序</a></li> <li><a href="#shell-%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F">Shell 变量</a></li> <li><a href="#shell-%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2">Shell 字符串</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C">字符串操作</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#shell-%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%8A">Shell 注释</a></li> <li><a href="#shell%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0">Shell传递参数</a></li> <li><a href="#shell-%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84">Shell 数组</a></li> <li><a href="#shell%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6">Shell运算符</a></li> <li><a href="#shell-%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E4%B9%8B-echoprintftest">Shell 命令之 echo，printf，test</a> <ul> <li><a href="#echo">echo</a></li> <li><a href="#printf">printf</a></li> <li><a href="#test">test</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95">数值测试</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95">字符测试</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95">文件测试</a></li> <li><a href="#%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%AC%A6">逻辑操作符</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#shell-%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6">Shell 流程控制</a> <ul> <li><a href="#ifelse">if&hellip;else</a></li> <li><a href="#case-%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5">case 语句</a></li> <li><a href="#for%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF">for循环</a></li> <li><a href="#while-%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5">while 语句</a></li> <li><a href="#until-%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF">until 循环</a></li> <li><a href="#%E8%B7%B3%E5%87%BA%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF">跳出循环</a> <ul> <li><a href="#break">break</a></li> <li><a href="#continue">continue</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#shell-%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0">Shell 函数</a></li> <li><a href="#shell-%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91">Shell 输入输出重定向</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91">输出重定向</a></li> <li><a href="#%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91">输入重定向</a></li> <li><a href="#here-document">Here Document</a></li> <li><a href="#devnull-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6">/dev/null 文件</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#shell%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB">Shell文件包含</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#shell-%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B">Shell 程序设计过程</a></li> <li><a href="#shell-%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97">Shell 数值运算</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97">整数运算</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#shell-%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97">Shell 布尔运算</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97">常规的布尔运算</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E5%9C%A8-shell-%E4%B8%8B%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97">在 Shell 下进行逻辑运算</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C">文件操作</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%90%84%E7%A7%8D%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7">文件的各种属性</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B">文件类型</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%B1%9E%E4%B8%BB">文件属主</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90">文件权限</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F">文件大小</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4">文件访问、更新、修改时间</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%90%8D">文件名</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C">文件的基本操作</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6">创建文件</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6">删除文件</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6">复制文件</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#shell-%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%B0%83%E8%AF%95%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95">Shell 程序调试方法</a></li> <li><a href="#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86">用户管理</a> <ul> <li><a href="#linux-%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A6%E5%8F%B7">Linux 用户账号</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7">添加用户</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7">删除用户</a></li> <li><a href="#%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7">修改用户</a></li> <li><a href="#%E7%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7">禁用用户</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A4">用户口令</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A4">设置口令</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A4">删除口令</a></li> <li><a href="#%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A4">修改口令</a></li> <li><a href="#%E7%A6%81%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A4">禁用口令</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#mac-%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BB%84%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C">Mac 用户、用户组操作</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </p> https://wangzhefeng.com/tool/linux/git/ Sat, 20 Nov 2021 00:00:00 +0000 https://wangzhefeng.com/tool/linux/git/ <style> details { border: 1px solid #aaa; border-radius: 4px; padding: .5em .5em 0; } summary { font-weight: bold; margin: -.5em -.5em 0; padding: .5em; } details[open] { padding: .5em; } details[open] summary { border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom: .5em; } img { pointer-events: none; } </style> <details><summary>目录</summary><p> <ul> <li><a href="#git-install">Git Install</a> <ul> <li><a href="#ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> <ul> <li><a href="#install">Install</a></li> <li><a href="#config">Config</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#macos">macOS</a> <ul> <li><a href="#install-1">Install</a></li> <li><a href="#config-1">Config</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-repository">Git Repository</a> <ul> <li><a href="#zip-install">ZIP Install</a></li> <li><a href="#httphttps-clone">HTTP/HTTPS Clone</a> <ul> <li><a href="#clone">Clone</a></li> <li><a href="#ssh-clone">SSH Clone</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#ssh-clone-1">SSH Clone</a> <ul> <li><a href="#ssh-key">SSH Key</a></li> <li><a href="#clone-1">Clone</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#github-cli">GitHub CLI</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85">安装</a></li> <li><a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8">使用</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-flow">Git flow</a> <ul> <li><a href="#create-a-branch">Create a Branch</a></li> <li><a href="#add-commit">Add Commit</a></li> <li><a href="#open-a-pull-request">Open a Pull Request</a></li> <li><a href="#discuss-and-review-your-code">Discuss and Review your code</a></li> <li><a href="#deploy">Deploy</a></li> <li><a href="#merge">Merge</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-branch">Git Branch</a></li> <li><a href="#git-commit">Git Commit</a> <ul> <li><a href="#commit-message">commit message</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%A6%81%E5%86%99%E5%A5%BD-commit-message">为什么要写好 commit message</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%A6%81%E6%B1%82">基本要求</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-pull-request">Git Pull Request</a> <ul> <li><a href="#fork">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="#clone-2">Clone</a></li> <li><a href="#branch">Branch</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E7%A1%AE%E8%AE%A4%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF">确认分支</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E7%89%B9%E6%80%A7feature%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF">创建特性(feature)分支</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#change">Change</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81">修改项目代码</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%A4%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9">提交修改</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF">创建远程分支</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#pull-request">Pull Request</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-discuss-and-review">Git Discuss and Review</a></li> <li><a href="#git-deploy">Git Deploy</a></li> <li><a href="#git-merge">Git Merge</a> <ul> <li><a href="#git-merge-%E6%9C%AC%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF">Git Merge 本仓库的分支</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF">使用场景</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4">操作步骤</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-merge-%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF">Git Merge 其他仓库的分支</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF-1">使用场景</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4-1">操作步骤</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-merge-%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF">Git Merge 其他使用场景</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-gitignore">Git .gitignore</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE-gitignore">设置 .gitignore</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0-gitignore">更新 .gitignore</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-fetch-and-pull">Git Fetch and Pull</a> <ul> <li><a href="#git-fetch">git fetch</a></li> <li><a href="#git-pull">git pull</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-status">Git Status</a></li> <li><a href="#git-diff">Git Diff</a></li> <li><a href="#git-rm">Git rm</a></li> <li><a href="#git-checkout">Git Checkout</a></li> <li><a href="#git-reset">Git Reset</a></li> <li><a href="#git-blame">Git blame</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8">简单使用</a></li> <li><a href="#%E9%AB%98%E9%98%B6%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8">高阶使用</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#git-large-file-storage">Git Large File Storage</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85-1">安装</a></li> <li><a href="#%E4%B8%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE-git-lfs">为账户设置 Git LFS</a></li> <li><a href="#%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%93%E5%BA%93%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE-git-lfs">为仓库设置 Git LFS</a></li> <li><a href="#%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%AD%A5">下一步</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </p> https://wangzhefeng.com/tool/linux/ssh/ Mon, 25 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000 https://wangzhefeng.com/tool/linux/ssh/ <style> details { border: 1px solid #aaa; border-radius: 4px; padding: .5em .5em 0; } summary { font-weight: bold; margin: -.5em -.5em 0; padding: .5em; } details[open] { padding: .5em; } details[open] summary { border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom: .5em; } img { pointer-events: none; } </style> <details><summary>目录</summary><p> <ul> <li><a href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85-ssh-%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1debina">安装 SSH 服务(Debina)</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85-ssh">安装 SSH</a></li> <li><a href="#ssh-%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF%E6%8E%92%E6%9F%A5">SSH 无法连接的场景排查</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C">检查网络</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3">检查端口</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1">检查服务</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF-ssh">什么是 SSH</a></li> <li><a href="#ssh-%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86">SSH 工作原理</a></li> <li><a href="#ssh-%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98--%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BB%E5%87%BB">SSH 存在的问题&ndash;中间人攻击</a></li> <li><a href="#ssh-%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD">SSH 功能</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E5%9C%BA%E6%99%AF">操作场景</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">操作系统</a></li> <li><a href="#%E9%89%B4%E6%9D%83%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F">鉴权方式</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%89%8D%E6%8F%90%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6">前提条件</a></li> <li><a href="#ssh-%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A4%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95">SSH 口令登录</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4">操作步骤</a></li> <li><a href="#%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86">问题处理</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#ssh-%E5%85%AC%E9%92%A5%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95">SSH 公钥登录</a></li> <li><a href="#ssh-%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6">SSH 常用软件</a></li> <li><a href="#ssh-%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91">SSH 端口转发</a> <ul> <li><a href="#%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0">端口转发的参数</a></li> <li><a href="#%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91">本地转发</a></li> <li><a href="#%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91">远程转发</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91">动态端口转发</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#ssh-%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C">SSH 远程操作</a></li> <li><a href="#%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E8%BD%AC%E5%8F%91%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD">利用远程转发实现代理功能</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#%E5%86%85%E7%BD%91%E5%A4%96%E7%BD%91%E7%A9%BF%E9%80%8F">内网、外网穿透</a> <ul> <li><a href="#cpolar-%E5%86%85%E7%BD%91%E7%A9%BF%E9%80%8F%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1">cpolar 内网穿透服务</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </p>